Body Worlds and the Cycle of Life Essay

The Body Worlds display was an astounding voyage through in excess of 200 fantastic plastinates; genuine human examples that have been protected. Dr. von Hagen’s is the man behind his unfathomable creation called plastination; preserving and anatomical analyzation, connective tissue evacuation, muscle to fat ratio and water expulsion, constrained impregnation with a polymer arrangement at that point set in a vacuum chamber expelling the CH3)2CO bringing it down to a phone level, and afterward ultimately the example solidifies and is then situated as wanted. This marvelous display has allowed numerous individuals the chance to see the whole interior structure of the human body. The composed clarifications close to each show were extremely enlightening; giving a superior comprehension on how the decisions we make for an incredible duration can really influence us as we proceed with our excursion through the maturing procedure. As per Dr. von Hagen, it takes roughly 1,500 hours (1-2 years) of devotion for each figure, alongside 350 others helping him all through the procedure. Every one of the 20 of the bodies that have been given stay mysterious; no insights regarding them or their reason for death were shared keeping in mind every one of the givers. This display was a stunning excursion giving us how the human body changes through time; from origination and as one age’s. The display begins with the zygote; a solitary cell framed from the father’s sperm, the mother’s egg, and the human genome; the outlines of all living people. Human incipient organisms and hatchlings were in plain view demonstrating each phase of cell division from origination through pre-natal turn of events. The moment were conceived, our physical productivity builds arriving at its top in our mid-twenties, at that point gradually begins to decrease all through the remainder of our lives. There were ordinary clean lungs of a non-smoker in plain view close to dark lungs of a smoker, which were a large portion of the size contrasted with the spotless lung. The composed clarification expressed that every year you smoke about a cup size brimming with tar collects within your lungs. There were sectional showcases of the thoracic hole indicating the gas trade that happens inside the alveoli of our lungs. There were sound hearts in plain view alongside hearts that had pacemakers. There was a solid liver close to a liver that has been harmed by inordinate measures of liquor; indicating visual cirrhosis. There were a few presentations of the human mind. One of the presentations demonstrated a cerebrum at ideal wellbeing contrasted with a mind that has been determined to have Alzheimer’s sickness. I thought that it was fascinating that the human cerebrum quits developing when you are 15 years of age and people under 30 years old take in twice as much oxygen contrasted with people 80 years old or more established. There was a 540lb figure, showing the perilous impacts of weight contrasted with a sound 140lb person. There were likewise sectional presentations demonstrating us a perspective on the stomach divider and how every organ is influenced by this extra superfluous fat. The type of food you eat will affect you general health! Sugar, as straightforward, refined starches, is viewed as one of the body’s major â€Å"agers†. Overabundance sugar in the eating routine changes the structure of the protein atom, keeping it from working appropriately and prompting the hardening of the body’s tissues. Hypertension can abbreviate one’s future by 10 to 20 years, and 9 out of 10 individuals are in danger of creating hypertension after age 50. We as a whole need vitality to work appropriately, however as we age our body doesn’t require as much vitality as it did when we were more youthful. Our bones are adaptable at a youthful age and teenagers. In adulthood, our body increments in quality and endurance, however loses its adaptability. The Artist’s Gaze was a presentation immediately and vision during childbirth and sometime down the road. It was centered around the artist’s Claude Monet who experienced waterfalls, and Edgar Degas who experienced retinal eye infection. A condition called Presbyopia; a continuously reduced capacity to concentrate on close to objects, is a typical piece of maturing and creates when the focal point of the eye bit by bit loses it flexibility. A newborn child can see things close up with no issue, while a multi year old would need to hold to question around 6 inches away. During childbirth, you have around 300 bones, as you develop more seasoned, little joints combine bringing about roughly 206 bones. At 52 years old lady for the most part experience menopause; end of life’s rich stage. As men age their testosterone levels decrease, yet not at all like lady, they can recreate all through their later years. I discovered that the world’s most seasoned individuals live in Okinawa, Japan and Ovadda, Sardinia. They shared a portion of their way of life rehearses, which I figure we could all profit by if we somehow managed to take their solid propensities and make them our own. Close to the furthest limit of the display, I truly delighted in perusing one of the banners that expressed, â€Å"Age is an issue of psyche over issue, in the event that you don’t mind it doesn’t matter†. Body World’s and The Cycle of Life was an unbelievable encounter and has disobediently changed my perspective with regards to the significance of life and passing. It has additionally given me a superior comprehension of our bodies and a totally alternate point of view on the fact that it is so essential to acknowledge life and care more for myself!

Why i am for the NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT Assignment

Why I am for the NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT - Assignment Example llars of responsibility for results; an accentuation on doing what works dependent on logical research; extended parental choices; and extended neighborhood control and adaptability. While the entirety of this sounds positive, it is the responsibility for results that most upsets given the way that test outcomes equivalent government reserves, not a positive carrot as I would like to think for the accomplishment of instructive greatness. The announcement by President Bush (2001) is at the core of what I see as an intense defect in the command relating to its accentuation on testing which he calls. ...â€Å"the pith of greatness [and the methods for judging that] in education....† (para 7).The U.S. Division of Education USDE demands No Child Left Behind puts an uncommon accentuation on actualizing instructive projects and practices that have been obviously exhibited to be successful through thorough logical research. While the entirety of this sounds promising, different parts of a test-arranged program by which the destiny of areas rise or fall is a startling one thinking about what is at stakeâ€again, government financing. While reps Becky Fleischauer from the National Education Association (NEA) (2002) claims that â€Å"we will start to see testing and responsibility and instructor quality† (para. 2), different specialists have an altogether different take that doesn't ingrain a similar certainty, particularly with regards to testing. Training master James Pophan (2010) found the accompanying: â€Å"An astounding measure of cheating is occurring on the tests that measure progress†(para. 1), rendering psychometric rules touted as delivered through â€Å"rigorous logical research† by psychometric specialists for all intents and purposes useless. Incredibly different examples of instructor duping range from educators permitting understudies more than the distributed time, to the organization of pre-tests with real last test questions. I discover this very upsetting given these tests should precisely anticipate understudy and area accomplishment. Different issues

How Quitting Smoking Can Impact the Medicines You Take

How Quitting Smoking Can Impact the Medicines You Take Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit Print How Quitting Smoking Can Impact the Medicines You Take By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on April 28, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on December 08, 2019 Tim Robberts / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Prescription drugs are known to interact with other drugs and certain foods, but they can also be affected by smokingâ€"and smoking cessation. How Some Prescription Drugs Are Influenced by Cigarette Smoke Foods that we eat are broken down (metabolized) into nutrients that our bodies can use. This process starts with enzymes,  which act as catalysts for the digestive process. There are many types of enzymes. Some of them help break down proteins, some work on carbohydrates, and others on fats. In a similar way, there are enzymes that metabolize prescription drugs. One of these enzymes, CYP1A2, is affected by some of the chemicals in cigarette smoke. These toxins, called PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are known to be some of the most potent carcinogens in tobacco smoke.   When PAHs come in contact with CYP1A2 the enzyme becomes more active. This causes medicines that are broken down by CYP1A2 to be metabolized more quickly than they should be. As a result, smokers often require a higher dose than would normally be given. When smoking stops abruptly, such as going into the hospital where smoking isnt allowed or quitting cold turkey, CYP1A2 activity slows down and the larger dose can suddenly be too much.  The chance of negative side effects of medications abruptly increases  as well. It is important that medications be reviewed and possibly adjusted by the prescribing doctor when a person quits smoking. Prescription Drugs That Are Metabolized by CYP1A2 As you can see from this list, a wide variety of medications are metabolized by CYP1A2. Some of them wont cause an adverse reaction following smoking cessation, but others can cause serious side effects if the dose isnt modified or adjusted once a person stops smoking. Dont hesitate to share your quit smoking journey with your healthcare team so that they can keep an eye on any changes you might be experiencing. Alosetron (Lotronex): Antidiarrheal used to treat irritable bowel syndromeClozapine: Sedative drug used to treat  schizophreniaFlutamide (Eulexin): Hormone-based chemotherapy medicineFluvoxamine (Luvox): Used to treat obsessive or compulsive behaviors  Frovatriptan (Frova): Used to treat migraine headachesHaloperidol (Haldol): Treats  schizophrenia, acute psychosis, and is used for tics and vocal utterances of Tourettes syndromeImipramine (Tofranil): Used to treat depressionMelatonin: Over-the-counter supplement used for sleepMexiletine (Mexitil): Antiarrhythmic used to treat irregular heartbeatMirtazapine (Remeron): Antidepressant used to treat depression.  Olanzapine (Zyprexa): Used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorderPropanolol (Inderal): Used to treat  tremors, angina (chest pain), high blood pressure, heart rhythm disorders, and other heart or circulatory conditions. Also used to treat migraine headachesRamelteon (Rozerem): Sedative used for insomniaRasagiline (Azilect): MAOI and antidepressant that can be used to treat Parkinsons diseaseRopinirole (Requip): Dopamine promoter that can be used to treat Parkinsons disease and restless leg syndromeTacrine (Cognex): Used to treat Alzheimers diseaseTheophylline:  Long-term asthma control medicationTizanidine (Zanaflex): Muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasmsTriamterene (Dyrenium): Diuretic used for fluid retention and high blood pressureZolmitriptan (Zomig): Triptan used to treat migraine headaches Caffeine Is Also Metabolized by CYP1A2 Most ex-smokers will tell you that coffee had a much stronger effect on them after quitting smoking. The usual cup or two in the morning left them jittery and nervous. Theyd chalk it up to the lack of nicotine, and that does play a role, but it probably had more to do with CYP1A2. Smokers metabolize caffeine at approximately four times the rate of non-smokers. It is no wonder that drinking the usual amount of coffee or other caffeinated drink is suddenly uncomfortable following smoking cessation. If you recently quit, you might try cutting your caffeine consumption by half and see how you feel. You can then reduce or increase based on that. Nicotine and Prescription Medicines Nicotine in tobacco and in nicotine replacement therapy can also influence how the body is able to respond to some medications. Nicotine constricts blood vessels and may inhibit the absorption of insulin shots. Nicotine is a stimulant that raises heart rate and blood pressure.  It may contribute to reduced sensitivity to medications used to treat the same.  It is also associated with reduced  sedation from benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) and less pain relief from some opioids. Schedule an Appointment With Your Doctor If you take any prescription medicines and have stopped smoking (or you plan to), check in with your doctor to review how they may be affected by smoking cessation. The good news is that quitting smoking will improve your health and vitality. You may even find that some medications can be eliminated once your body recovers from nicotine addiction. If youre ready to quit, use these quit smoking resources  as a starting point.  There is no time like the present to start work on making your dreams a reality.

Federal, State, And Local Rules Essay - 1970 Words

The focus of this paper was to research the federal, state, and local rules, regulations, laws, policies, and procedures pertaining to an oil spill. Oil spills can happen and asserting a plan of action and response will help minimize the impact and effects that can cause severe damage to property, businesses and the environment. One of the main agencies that react when an oil spill occurs is the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEPA). Questions were asked and evidence from several sources was accessed to formulate answers. The research discovered fortified the thesis which confirms that there is various federal, state, and local policies and procedures in place in the instance an oil spill does occur. Keywords: rules, regulations, laws, policies, procedures Impact of Oil Spills Any oil business bears the risk of an oil spill. It is critical to know how to avoid and react to this kind of catastrophes, to minimalize the effect on humanity and the environment. There are several agencies that work together to guarantee that these oil spills do not happen and to resourcefully react in the event a spill occurs. Oil spills have occurred in the past and with federal, state and local agencies working together, they can plan, respond and cleanup the contamination from the oil. In this research paper, I will explore the regulations, environmental and humanity safeguards, the cost of cleanup, loss of revenues, lawsuits, internal city policies and execution, andShow MoreRelatedCritique Of The Current Policy Challenge Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsibility of a public servant is to its preamble declarations of the Untied State Constitution and its protection enumerated promise of fundamental fairness towards the rights of the people and by the laws in which ca me forth by its union of states’. Consequently, as the population grows and desires begins to inquire more demands on its unity to respond. The efforts of our forefathers knew their intentions of the United States Constitution were not to design a perfect set of the laws, but a set of theRead MoreFederal State And State Government890 Words   |  4 PagesThe United State Constitution provides the authority and power of the federal and state government’s jurisdictions (Cropf, 2008). This means that both federal and state governments maintain their own separate laws and officials that govern over the territories and citizenry. The one part of governing left out of the initial constitution but picked up later was the local governments. Local government levels connects to the federal system through the state processes of governing. The local levels ofRead MoreEmergency Management Laws And Act768 Words   |  4 PagesEmergency Management laws and acts are established b y the Federal Government to allow emergency managers and local elected officials the opportunity to lead disaster response and recovery from the local level to the Federal level. Many of these laws and acts give absolute power to local and state officials to make decisions to best preserve life and property during and after an incident. The laws and acts also hold these officials accountable for the actions that they take and the responsibilityRead MoreA Discussion Of Administrative Law1115 Words   |  5 PagesAdministrative Law Related to Title IX Administrative laws are rules and regulations passed by agencies appointed by legislatures. Moreover, administrative laws are used to clarify expansive laws. The Department of Education, Department of Health and Homeland Security and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are federal agencies that pass administrative laws that effect K-12 education. Furthermore, in Texas, the State Board of Education (SBOE) passes rules that become part of the Texas Administrative Code (TAC)Read MoreGas And Oil Company Is The State Where Government Control Is Limited And Texans950 Words   |  4 Pagesof Fracking and Use of Plastic Bags in Texas Texas is the state where government control is limited and Texans want to grow up by own self. Most of the cities have general rule and some have home rule. There are council-manager, mayor-council, mayor- manager which form local government. There is county government and has 254 counties in Texas. The members elected in the government by the people to represent their problem at state and federal level. They need to aware what is going in their communityRead MoreConstitution Worksheet Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesPrinciples and Articles of the United States Constitution Worksheet Part I: Principles of the Constitution The constitution consists of some primary principles. Briefly explain the following principles and their significance in shaping American government. * Self-Government: Is the most important principle in the Constitution of the United States and refers to the need to have a system which would make sure that everyone has a voice in the local, state and national governments.(www.4uth.govRead MoreDifferences between the State and the Federal Constitution Centers1104 Words   |  4 PagesPolitics in States and Communities (Dye and MacManus, 2009), government in the constitutional form is primarily about conflict resolution. It exists to find solutions or at least to set parameters for implementing solutions within strict limitations. At the state and local levels (which operate together under state authority), governments have the freedom to address issues and conflicts very directly through the governance policies and restrictions they put in place. For the federal government, howeverRead MoreImmigration Enforcement957 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration Enforcement Immigration Enforcement There is an assessed 11 million illegal aliens that are living United States, and this population is projected to upturn by 500,000 yearly. Once a year, about 1 million people that are considered to be aliens are detained when they make the attempt to come in the United States unlawfully. Even though most of these foreigners arrive the United States for financial chances and family reunification, or they are avoiding civil trouble and political unrest, someRead MoreDecision in Verizon Communications Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission656 Words   |  3 Pagesthe United States Supreme Court case Verizon Communications Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission, Verizon Communications argued that it was wrong and unreasonable for the Federal Communications Commission to regulate and set leasing rates for networks. Ultimately, the January 14th decision held that the Federal Communications Commission can indeed set rates charged by the service provider for leased elements that are completely unbound from the providers investment. Also the Federal CommunicationsRead MoreCase Study : Southern Builders Inc. Vs. Shaw Development Llc806 Words   |  4 PagesCase 1: â€Å"Southern Builders Inc. vs. Shaw Development LLC, Case No. 19-C-07-011405 (Md. Cir. Ct. 2007)†. Facts and Issues. This is one of the first lawsuits related to green construction in the United States. In this case, Shaw Development as the owner, appointed Southern Builders Inc. as the contractor, to construct a $7.5 million, 23-unit condominium and restaurant project, known as Captain’s Galley, in Somerset County, Maryland along with obtaining the LEED-Silver certification. The thing was

Where You Live Influences Health and Well-Being Essay

Social science has proven that where you live can influence your health and well-being in either a positive or negative way. Living in poverty and growing up in a deprived neighbourhood has a direct link to various social problems such as a lack of employment opportunities, poor housing conditions, educational problems, lack of amenities, and not feeling safe in your neighbourhood. These disparities are especially prevalent amongst minority communities due to their lower socioeconomic status (CDC), and are happening in our own community. Therefore, I propose that we as a group volunteer our time to raise awareness, combat the negative effects of poverty with the use of outreach and advocacy schemes, and be aware of the possible opposition†¦show more content†¦In addition, minority groups living in America are more likely to face disparities in regards to the following: education, prison sentences, arrests, lower pay, and unemployment (Minority Rights). These issues have rea l, dangerous implications for young people and can affect them throughout their whole life. Elis Cose, a cultural critic, wrote in a column for USA Today, â€Å"Black youngsters are much more likely than whites to be stuck in second-rate schools—or in lower tracks in decent schools—and to face a future of joblessness or marginal employment (Racial Disparities).† Overall, these disparities are highly connected to the unfortunate fact that many live in deprived neighborhoods; and therefore, experience all the social disadvantages that this brings (Crime and Race). Three components—physical, mental, and social—make up health and well-being. Living in poverty can negatively affect all three components (BetterHealth). Poverty is not just about lacking money but is more complex as it can affect everyday living in countless ways. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013 Health Disparities and Inequalities Report findings demonstrate that every aspect of health is worse for people living in deprived circumstances. Poverty leads people to feel hopeless, powerless, and inferior, and these emotions have powerful negative effectsShow MoreRelatedHealth / Wellness And Illness1551 Words   |  7 PagesHealth and wellness is a state of well-being when an individual is completely capable physically, psychologically, and socially. Everyone has a different view of what healthy means due to their age, gender, race, beliefs, and the environment they live in. Comparing Health/Wellness and Illness/Disease When comparing health and wellness to disease and illness there are various differences and some similarities. Illness and disease is when a person cannot partially or completely function mentally,Read MoreThe Roman Catholic Church And Caribbean Cultures Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pagesour health practices, therefore impinging on our future. As for this, in this paper I will be analyzing my two cultures as an individual. The experiences and practices that I have endured have made me the woman that I am today. Thus, my two cultures that I have chosen to address are the Roman Catholic Church and Caribbean cultures. Namely, the first one that I will be spiel is my Roman Catholic Church culture. The Roman Catholic Church culture has been an important stake in my life. As well as,Read MoreDisadvantages Of Fast Food1566 Words   |  7 Pagesfood is taking over many people’s lives living around the world. Many people all over the United States are overweight or obese due to eating so much fast food. Fast food affects peoples physical weight, emotional and mental health and media influence. There are no advantages to eating fast food, especially at a young age. Fast food is a scary road to turn down as a young kid growing up into an adult. Fast food is pretty much its own simple definition when you think about it, it is literally â€Å"fastRead MoreThe Health and Wellness Survey Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesmake every day in regards to our health. To further describe the claim that we live in a technically advanced society, we are surrounded by images that are often directed towards health and image. Covers of magazines, famous people, and athletes are all images that most people strive to become or look like. Personally, growing up I always aspired to become a professional hockey player. Admiring my favorite hockey players in the NHL, I always perceived them to being the healthiest people on the planetRead MoreThe High Rate Of Children With Asthma968 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever wondered why the South of the Bronx have the highest rate of children with asthma? Well, the place matters, our social and physical environment determinates what kind of disease people are exposed to. Unnatural Causes presents on it s episode Place Matters how the environment which people are in contact constantly affects people’s health. When it comes to health there is a lot of conditions that are related to our health status. Poverty, and the neighborhood are some of the factors makeRead MoreThe Health And Academic Performance Of Children887 Words   |  4 Pagessocioeconomic backgrounds and many other attributes that contribute to diversity as a whole. As an educator you need to be fully aware of these differences among your students, so you can provide a classroom where the students are comfortable interacting with different people, ideas and backgrounds within the physical school environment. Diversity can contribute to the effects on the health and learning of children and my aim will be to narrow the selection to socioeconomic status (SES) on familiesRead MoreHealth Psychology And The Effects Of Self Esteem On Illness895 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Psychology and the Effects of Self-Esteem on I llness Health psychology, anther division inside of the American Psychological Association, or APA, is a â€Å"specialty applying psychological principles to the scientific study of health, illness, and health-related behaviors.† Empirically based, or in other words â€Å"vast in growing research literature is the outcome of scientific methods† (Jones Bartlett, n.d)â€Å"Health psychology focuses on how biological, social and psychological factors influenceRead MoreExercise Or Activity Level / Fitness955 Words   |  4 PagesA. Describe two domains from the list above in which you believe demonstrate healthy behaviors. Exercise or activity level/Fitness: As I go through my day, I have been indirectly doing my fair share of exercise by engaging on daily walks and stair climbing. I am proud to say that I was able to log 65,387 for the week or roughly 9,341 steps a day using my iPhone pedometer app before I retire to my bed. Not only did I walk, but I also recorded 120 flights of stairs for the week or nearly 17 flightsRead MoreM2 – Discuss the Factors Likely to Influence Current and Future Patterns of Health in the Uk1185 Words   |  5 Pageslikely to influence current and future patterns of health in the UK There are many factors that are likely to influence current health and could carry on influencing patterns of health in the UK. Some of the factors that could this are: * Socio-economic * Environmental * Genetic * Lifestyle Socio-economic Factors There are many socio-economic factors that are likely to influence current health. If people are living in poor housing conditions which could mean that their health mightRead MorePersonal Reflection on the Message Behind Super Size Me Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesof a common American who eats fast food on a daily basis. He tries to prove the intense damage fast food can do to one’s body and health. He has three meals a day, which are breakfast, lunch and dinner. He tries everything on the menu, with no exception. At the beginning of the film he sees a cardiologist, gastroenterologist, and a general practitioner to check his health and the start results were good. They all warned him that this diet he was about to embark on will most likely raise his cholesterol

Income Tax Free Essays

1. Near year end, P, a cash basis, calendar year taxpayer, paid for various deductible expenses as described below. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Income Tax or any similar topic only for you Order Now The payment was dropped in the mail before year end. 2. P gave a note evidencing her promise to pay the amount in three months. 3. The amount was charged on her Master Card on December 28. The charge appeared on her bill for the period December 1 through December 31, which she received in January and which she paid on January 20. The bank actually paid the expense in January. 4. The amount was paid using the pay by phone service provided by her bank. P called in the charge on December 20. The bank sent her a statement indicating that it had paid the charge on January 3. P may deduct the expense in which cases? a. 1 b. 1 and 2 c. 1 and 3 d. 1, 3, and 4 e. 1, 2, 3, and 4 2. The crucial reason for determining whether an item is deductible as an expense under  § 162 or under  § 212 is that a. production of income expenses are not deductible. b.  § 162 business expenses usually are deductions for A. G. I. , while  § 212 production of income expenses usually are miscellaneous itemized deductions. c.  § 162 business expenses are deductions from A. G. I. , while  § 212 production of income expenses are deductions for A. G. I. d. it resolves certain ownership questions. 3. C purchased two cars in 2010 a Corvette for $20,000 and a Buick for $10,000. Both cars were used solely for personal purposes. During the year, C sold the Corvette to a car collector for $24,000 and the Buick for $7,000. Based on these two transactions he will report a. a gain of $1,000. b. a gain of $4,000. c. a gain of $4,000 and a loss of $3,000. d. no gain or loss. 4. F, a calendar year, cash basis taxpayer, started a business on June 1. Her lease required monthly payments of $1,000 beginning on June 1. Insurance for the premises, also begun on June 1, was to be paid every six months and cost $600 for each six month period (she paid her premiums due on June 1 and December 1). F’s deductions for these expenses total a. $7,000. b. $7,100. c. $7,600. d. $8,200. $1,000 * 7 months = $7,000 rent expense $600 premium paid 6/1 = 600 insurance expense $600 premium paid 12/1 = 600 7,000 + 600 + 600 = $8,200 insurance expense 5. Which of the following is not a deduction for A. G. I.? a. Lawn mowing expense for a rental property actively managed by the taxpayer. . Deductible expenses related to a physician’s home office. c. Employee transportation expense not reimbursed by the employer. d. Employee transportation expense reimbursed by the employer and included in employee’s income. 6K is an attorney who had to travel to Chicago for a trial. Her law firm reimbursed her for the $1,200 hotel bill and $200 for f ood, but only half of her $200 entertainment expense eligible for deduction under  § 162. If the law firm includes the $1,500 in K’s compensation on her Form W 2, she may a. include the $1,500 as a miscellaneous itemized deduction. b. educt the $1,500 for A. G. I. c. include the $100 unreimbursed entertainment expense with the miscellaneous itemized deductions. d. Both b and c are true. 7F, an attorney in New York, also operates a small farm in New Jersey. During the year, he reported the following income and expenses from the farm: Gross income$8,000 Depreciation(3,000) Property taxes(6,000) Other operating expenses(4,000) Assuming the activity is considered a hobby, F may deduct a. taxes $6,000, other $0, depreciation $0. b. taxes $6,000, other $0, depreciation $2,000. c. taxes $6,000, other $2,000, depreciation $0. . taxes $6,000, other $4,000, depreciation $3,000. 8Which one of the following would qualify, at least in part, as a deductible educational expense? a. The co st of transportation between home and school on a nonworking day. b. Transportation between work and school on a working day. c. Both of the above. d. Neither of the above. 9. C obtained a new job in Alaska with HJ Engineering. She incurred the following moving expenses: Transportation of furniture and household goods$1,000 House hunting trip1,900 Attorney’s fees on sale of former residence1,400 Assuming C is eligible to deduct her moving expenses, what is the amount of the deduction? a. $1,000 b. $2,900 c. $3,400 d. $3,900 e. $4,400 10. Which of the following statements regarding deductions for home office expenses is true? a. Deductions may be taken only if the home office is used for the taxpayer’s main business. b. Deductions may be taken if the home office is used regularly for meeting clients or customers in the normal course of the taxpayer’s business. c. Deductions may not be claimed if the taxpayer merely performs administrative tasks related to his business in the home office. d. All of above are true. e. None of the above is true. 11. K is an attorney who had to travel to Chicago for a trial. Her law firm reimbursed her for the $1,200 hotel bill and $200 for food, but only half of her $200 entertainment expense eligible for deduction under  § 162. If the law firm includes the $1,500 in K’s compensation on her Form W 2, she may a. include the $1,500 as a miscellaneous itemized deduction. b. deduct the $1,500 for A. G. I. c. include the $100 unreimbursed entertainment expense with the miscellaneous itemized deductions. d. Both b and c are true. 12. Which one of the following statements is true? . The expenses of commuting are personal, and as such are never deductible regardless of the surrounding circumstances. b. The expenses of commuting from Job A to Job B are deductible to the extent that the distance between Jobs A and B does not exceed the distance from home to Job A. c. The expenses of commuting to a temporary assignment and returning the same day when the temporary assignment is outside the vicinity in which the taxpayer conducts his business (the tax home) are deductible and are determined based on the cost of transportation from the employee’s office to the temporary location. . b and c are true. e. All are false. 13. Which statement concerning deductible transportation costs is true? a. B drives 20 miles to his office, then later in the day drives to meet a client at the client’s office. By the time he gets home that night he has driven 63 miles. He can deduct the cost of driving 23 miles. b. F, an architect, usually drives 40 miles round trip from home to office. Today, she skips the office and drives directly to a job site to inspect the construction. Her round trip is 50 miles. She may deduct a cost of 50 miles. c. M, a contractor, works out of her home. She may deduct the cost of driving to a client’s place of business. d. More than one answer is true. e. All are true. 14S maintains a principal residence in St. Louis, Missouri. He lays brick for a living. S’s employer asked him to go to Chicago, Illinois to work on a single job for six months. Due to difficulties with weather, S was forced to stay in Chicago for a total of eleven months. S wants to deduct a portion of the cost of meals and lodging in Chicago while on the job. S will be a. denied the deduction because the job in Chicago was only a temporary assignment. . allowed the deduction because the job in Chicago will be considered temporary, as it was not an indefinite assignment. c. allowed the deduction because the job in Chicago will be considered indefinite, as it was not a temporary assignment. d. denied the deduction because living expenses are always nondeductible personal expenses. 15D owns and operates her own real estate business. She loves to entertain . Indicate which of the following statements is true. Assume the expenditure is deductible unless otherwise implied. a. D takes her new neighbor to the ball game. The expense is deductible, assuming D’s entertainment expense creates goodwill that may lead the individual to become D’s client if and when he decides to sell his house. b. D takes a prospective client to the theater. Unless the taxpayer can prove otherwise, the IRS presumes the expense is not deductible because the nature of the event precludes business discussion. c. D holds a golf outing for all of her employees. D may deduct the expense, assuming it is primarily for her employees. d. More than one but less than all of the statements above are true. e. None of the statements above is true. How to cite Income Tax, Papers Income Tax Free Essays History Income tax levels in India were very high during 1950-1980, in 1970-71 there were 11 tax slabs with highest tax rate being 93. 5% including surcharges. In 1973-74 highest rate was 97. We will write a custom essay sample on Income Tax or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5%. But to reduce tax evasion tax rates were reduced later on, by â€Å"1992-93† maximum tax rates were reduced to 40%. [2][3] [edit]Residential status, Scope of taxable income Charge [edit]Charge to Income-tax Whose income exceeds the maximum amount, which is not chargeable to the income tax, is an assesse, and shall be chargeable to the income tax at the rate or rates prescribed under the finance act for the relevant assessment year, shall be determined on basis of his residential status. Income tax is a tax payable, at the rate enacted by the Union Budget (Finance Act) for every Assessment Year, on the Total Income earned in the Previous Year by every Person. The chargeability is based on nature of income, i. e. , whether it is revenue or capital. The rates of taxation of income are-: Income Tax Rates/Slabs Rate (%) (applicable for assessment year 2013-14) Net income range (For resident woman below 60 years on the last day of the previous year)Net income range (For resident senior citizen1)Net income range (For super senior citizen2)Net income range (For any other person excluding companies and co-operative societies)Income Tax rates3 Up to Rs. 200000Up to Rs. 250000Up to Rs. 500000Up to Rs. 200000Nil Rs. 200001-500000Rs. 250001-500000-Rs. 200001-50000010% Rs. 500001-1000000Rs. 500001-1000000Rs. 00001-1000000Rs. 500001-100000020% Above Rs. 1000000Above Rs. 1000000Above Rs. 1000000Above Rs. 100000030% ^1 Senior citizen is one who is 60 years or more at any time during the previous year but not more than 80 years on the last day of the previous year. ^2 Super senior citizen is one who is 80 years or more at any time during the previous year. ^3 Surcharge isn’t applicable for any person excluding companies whose taxable in come exceed Rs. 1 crore. Education cess at 2% and Secondary and higher education cess at 1% of income-tax applicable for all person. These slab-rates aren’t applicable for the incomes which are to be taxed at special rates under section 111A, 112, 115, 161, 164 and 167. For instance, long-term capital gains (except the one mentioned in section 10(38))for all assessees is taxable at 20%. [edit]Residential Status The residential status of the assessee is useful in determining the scope or chargeability of the income for the assessee, i. e, whether taxable or not. For an individual person, to be a resident, any one of the following basic conditions must be satisfied:- Presence of at least 182 days in India during the previous year. Presence of at least 60 days in India during the previous year and 365 days during 4 years immediately preceding the relevant previous year. However, in case the individual is an Indian citizen who leaves India during the previous year for the purpose of employment (or as a member of a crew of an Indian ship) or in case the individual is a person of Indian origin who comes on a visit to India during the previous year, then only the first of the above basic condition is applicable. To determine whether the resident individual is ordinarily resident the following both additional conditions are to be satisfied:- Resident in India in at least 2 out of 10 years immediately preceding the relevant previous year. Presence of at least 730 days in India during 7 years immediately preceding the relevant previous year. If the individual resident satisfies only one or none of the additional conditions, then he is not ordinarily resident. In case the person is not an individual or an HUF, then the residential status can only be either resident or non-resident) [edit]Residential status of a person other than an individual Type of personControl management of affairs of the taxpayer is wholly in IndiaControl management of affairs of the taxpayer is wholly outside IndiaControl management of affairs of the taxpayer is partly in India partly outside India HUF1ResidentNon-residentResident FirmResidentNon-residentResident Association of personsResidentNon-residentResident Indian company2ResidentResidentResident Foreign company3ResidentNon-residentNon-resident Any other person except an individualResidentNon-residentResident ^1 After determining whether an HUF is resident or non-resident, the additional conditions (as laid down for an individual) should be checked for the karta to determine whether the HUF is ordinary or not-ordinary resident. ^2 An Indian company is the one which satisfies the conditions as laid down under section 2(26) of the Act. ^3 Foreign company is the one which satisfies the conditions as laid down under section 2(23A) of the Act. [edit]Scope of total income Indian income1 is always taxable in India notwithstanding residential status of the taxpayer. Foreign income1 is not taxable in the hands of a non-resident in India. For resident (in case of firm, association of persons, company and every other person) or resident ordinarily resident (in case of an individual or an HUF), foreign income is always taxable. For resident but not ordinarily resident foreign income is taxable only if it is business income and business is controlled wholly or partly in India or it is a professional income and profession is set up in India. 1 Foreign income is the one which satisfies both the following conditions:- Income is not received (or not deemed to be received under section 7) in India, and Income doesn’t accrue (or doesn’t deemed to be accrued under section 9) in India. If such an income satisfies one or none the above conditions then it is an Indian income. [edit]Heads of Income The total income of a person is segregated into five hea ds:- Income from Salary Income from house property Income from business or profession Capital Gain and Income from other sources [edit]Income from Salary All income received as salary under Employer-Employee relationship is taxed under this head, on due or receipt basis, whichever arises earlier. Employers must withhold tax compulsorily (subject to Section 192), if income exceeds minimum exemption limit, as Tax Deducted at Source (TDS), and provide their employees with a Form 16 which shows the tax deductions and net paid income. The Act contains exemptions including (the list isn’t exhaustive):- ParticularsRelevant section for computing exemption Leave travel concession10(5) Death-cum-Retirement Gratuity10(10) Commuted value of Pension (not taxable for specified Government employees)10(10A) Leave encashment10(10AA) Retrenchment Compensation10(10B) Compensation received at time of Voluntary Retirement10(10C) Tax on perquisite paid by employer10(10CC) Amount received from Superannuation Fund to legal heirs of employee10(13) House Rent Allowance10(13A) Some Special Allowances10(14) The Act contains list of Perquisites which are always taxable in all cases and a list of Perquisites which are exempt in all cases (List I). All other Perquisites are to be calculated according to specified provision and rules for each. Only two deductions are allowed under Section 16, viz. Professional Tax and Entertainment Allowance (the latter only available for specified government employees). [edit]Income from House property Income under this head is taxable if the assessee is the owner of a property consisting of building or land appurtenant thereto and is not used by him for his business or professional purpose. An individual or an Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) is eligible to claim any one property as Self-occupied if it is used for own or family’s residential purpose. In that case, the Net Annual Value (as explained below) will be nil. Such a benefit can only be claimed for one house property. However, the individual (or HUF) will still be entitled to to claim Interest on borrowed capital as deduction under section 24, subject to some conditions. In the case of a self occupied house deduction on account of interest on borrowed capital is subject to a maximum limit of Rs. 1,50,000 (if loan is taken on or after 1 April 1999 and construction is completed within 3 years) and Rs. 30,000 (if the loan is taken before 1 April 1999). For let-out property, all interest is deductible, with no upper limits. The balance is added to taxable income. The computation of income from let-out property is as under:- Gross Annual Value (GAV)1xxxx Less:Municipal Taxes paid(xxx) Net Annual Value (NAV)xxxx Less:Deductions under section 242(xxx) Income from House propertyxxxx ^1 The GAV is higher of Annual Letting Value (ALV) and Actual rent received/receivable during the year. The ALV is higher of fair rent and municipal value, but restricted to standard rent fixed by Rent Control Act. 2 Only two deductions are allowed under this heaad by virtue of section 24, viz. , 30% of Net annual value as Standard deduction Interest on capital borrowed for the purpose of acquisition, construction, repairs, renewals or reconstruction of property (subject to certain provisions). Income from Business or Profession The income referred to in section 28, i. e. , the incomes chargeable as â€Å"Income from Business or Profession† shall be computed in accordance with the provisions contained in sections 30 to 43D. However, there are few more sections under this Chapter, viz. Sections 44 to 44DA (except sections 44AA, 44AB 44C), which contain the computation completely within itself. Section 44C is a disallowance provision in the case non-residents. Section 44AA deals with maintenance of books and section 44AB deals with audit of accounts. In summary, the sections relating to computation of business income can be grouped as under: – Specific deductionsSections 30 to 37 cover expenses which are expressly allowed as deduction while computing business income. Specific disallowanceSections 40, 40A and 43B cover inadmissible expenses. Deemed IncomesSections 33AB, 33ABA, 33AC, 35A, 35ABB, 41. Special provisionsSections 42, 43C, 43D, 44, 44A, 44B, 44BB, 44BBA, 44BBB, 44DA, 44DB. Presumptive IncomeSections 44AD, 44AE. The computation of income under the head â€Å"Profits and Gains of Business or Profession† depends on the particulars and information available. [4] If regular books of accounts are not maintained, then the computation would be as under: – Income (including Deemed Incomes) chargeable as income under this head xxx Less: Expenses deductible (net of disallowances) under this ead xxx Profits and Gains of Business or Profession xxx However, if regular books of accounts have been maintained and Profit and Loss Account has been prepared, then the computation would be as under: – Net Profit as per Profit and Loss Account xxx Add : Inadmissible Expenses debited to Profit and Loss Account xxx Deemed Incomes not credited to Profit and Loss Account xxx xxx Less: Deductible Expenses not debited to Profit and Loss Account xxx Incomes chargeable under other heads credited to Profit Loss A/c xxx xxx Profits and Gains of Business or Profession xxx [edit]Income from Capital Gains Transfer of capital assets results in capital gains. A Capital asset is defined under section 2(14) of the I. T. Act, 1961 as property of any kind held by an assessee such as real estate, equity shares, bonds, jewellery, paintings, art etc. but does not include some items like any stock-in-trade for businesses and personal effects. Transfer has been defined under section 2(47) to include sale, exchange, relinquishment of asset extinguishment of rights in an asset, etc. Certain transactions are not regarded as ‘Transfer’ under section 47. Computation of Capital Gains:- Full value of consideration1xxx Less:Cost of acquisition2(xx) Less:Cost of improvement2(xx) Less:Expenditure pertaining to transfer incurred by the transferor(xx) ^1 In case of transfer of land or building, if sale consideration is less than the stamp duty valuation, then such stamp duty value shall be taken as full value of consideration by virtue of Section 50C. The transferor is entitled to challenge the stamp duty valuation before the Assessing Officer. ^2 Cost of acquisition cost of improvement shall be indexed in case the capital asset is long term. For tax purposes, there are two types of capital assets: Long term and short term. Transfer of long term assets gives rise to long term capital gains. The benefit of indexation is available only for long term capital assets. If the period of holding is more than 36 months, the capital asset is long term, otherwise it is short term. However, in the below mentioned cases, the capital asset held for more than 12 months will be treated as long term:- Any share in any company Government securities Listed debentures Units of UTI or mutual fund, and Zero-coupon bond Also, in certain cases, indexation benefit is not be available even though the capital asset is long term. Such cases include depreciable asset (Section 50), Slump Sale (Section 50B), Bonds/debentures (other than capital indexed bonds) and certain other express provisions in the Act. There are different scheme of taxation of long term capital gains. These are: As per Section 10(38) of Income Tax Act, 1961 long term capital gains on shares or securities or mutual funds on which Securities Transaction Tax (STT) has been deducted and paid, no tax is payable. STT has been applied on all stock market transactions since October 2004 but does not apply to off-market transactions and company buybacks; therefore, the higher capital gains taxes will apply to such transactions where STT is not paid. In case of other shares and securities, person has an option to either index costs to inflation and pay 20% of indexed gains, or pay 10% of non indexed gains. The cost inflation index rates are released by the I-T department each year. In case of all other long term capital gains, indexation benefit is available and tax rate is 20%. All capital gains that are not long term are short term capital gains, which are taxed as such: Under section 111A, for shares or mutual funds where STT is paid, tax rate is 10% from Assessment Year (AY) 2005-06 as per Finance Act 2004. With effect from AY 2009-10 the tax rate is 15%. In all other cases, it is part of gross total income and normal tax rate is applicable. For companies abroad, the tax liability is 20% of such gains suitably indexed (since STT is not paid). Besides exemptions under section 10(33), 10(37) 10(38) certain specific exemptions are available under section 54, 54B, 54D, 54EC, 54F, 54G 54GA. [edit]Income from Other Sources This is a residual head, under this head income which does not meet criteria to go to other heads is taxed. There are also some specific incomes which are to be always taxed under this head. Income by way of Dividends. Income from horse races/lotteries. Employees’ contribution towards staff welfare scheme. Interest on securities (debentures, Government securities and bonds). Any amount received from keyman insurance policy as donation. Gifts (subject to certain conditions and exemptions). Interest on compensation/enhanced compensation. edit]Permissible deductions from Gross Total Income This section requires expansion. (November 2012) While exemptions is on income some deduction in calculation of taxable income is allowed for certain payments given under Chapter VI-A ie. , sections 80C to 80U. [edit] Section 80C Deductions Section 80C of the Income Tax Act [1] allows certain investments and expenditure to be deducted from total income up to the maximum of 1 lac. The total limit under this section is ? 100,000 ) which can be any combination of the below: Contribution to Provident Fund or Public Provident Fund. PPF provides 8. 8% [5] return compounded annually. Maximum limit to contribute in it is 100,000 for each year. It is a long term investment with complete withdrawal not possible till 15 years though partial withdrawal is possible after 5 years. The interest earned on PPF investments is not taxable. Besides, there is employee providend fund which is deducted from the salary of the person. This is about 10% to 12% of the BASIC salary component. Recent changes are being discussed regarding reducing the instances of withdrawal from EPF especially when one changes the job. EPF has the option of full settlement on leaving the job, taking VRS, retirement after 58. It also has options of withdrawal for certain expenses related to home, marriage or medical. EPF contribution includes 12% of basic salary from employee and employer. It is distributed in ratio of 8. 33:3. 7 in Pension fund and Providend fund Payment of life insurance premium. It is allowed on premium paid on self, spouse and children even if they are not dependent on father or mother. Investment in pension Plans. National Pension Scheme i s meant to save money for the post retirement which invests money in different combination of equity and debt. depending upon age up to 50% can go in equity. Annuity payable after retirement is dependent upon age. NPS has six fund managers. Individual can make minimum contribution of Rs6000/- . It has 22 point of purchase (banks). Investment in Equity Linked Savings schemes (ELSS) of mutual funds. Among other investment opportunities, ELSS has the least lock-in period of 3 years. However, one should note that after the Direct Tax Code is in place, ELSS will no longer be an investment for 80C deduction. Investment in National Savings Certificates (interest of past NSCs is reinvested every year and can be added to the Section 80 limit) Tax saving Fixed Deposits provided by banks for a tenure of 5 years. Interest is also taxable. Payments towards principal repayment of housing loans. Also any registration fee or stamp duty paid. Payments towards tuition fees for children to any school or college or university or similar institution (Only for 2 children) Post office investments The investment can be from any source and not necessarily from income chargeable to tax. edit]Section 80CCF: Investment in Infrastructure Bonds From April, 1 2011, a maximum of ? 20,000 is deductible under section 80CCF provided that amount is invested in infrastructure bonds. This is in addition to the 100,000 deduction allowed under Section 80C. However this deduction has not been extend ed to Financial year 2012-13. [6] Omiitted with effect from F. Y. 2012-13. [edit]Section 80D: Medical Insurance Premiums Health insurance, popularly known as Mediclaim Policies, provides a deduction of up to 35,000. 00 (? 15,000. 00 for premium payments towards policies on self, spouse and children and ? 15,000. 00 for premium payment towards non-senior citizen dependent parents or ? 20,000. 0 for premium payment towards senior citizen dependent). This deduction is in addition to ? 1,00,000 savings under IT deductions clause 80C. For consideration under a senior citizen category, the incumbent’s age should be 60 years during any part of the current fiscal, e. g. for the fiscal year 2010-11, the incumbent should already be 60 as on March 31, 2011), This deduction is also applicable to the cheques paid by proprietor firm. [edit]Interest on Housing Loans Section For self occupied properties, interest paid on a housing loan up to Rs 150,000 per year is exempt from tax. This deduc tion is in addition to the deductions under sections 80C, 80CCF and 80D. However, this is only applicable for a residence constructed within three financial years after the loan is taken and also the loan if taken after April 1, 1999. If the house is not occupied due to employment, the house will be considered self occupied. For let out properties, the entire interest paid is deductible under section 24 of the Income Tax act. However, the rent is to be shown as income from such properties. 30% of rent received and municipal taxes paid are available for deduction of tax. The losses from all properties shall be allowed to be adjusted against salary income at the source itself. Therefore, refund claims of T. D. S. deducted in excess, on this count, will no more be necessary. 7] [edit]Section 80DDB : Deduction in respect of Medical Treatment, etc Deduction is allowed to resident individual or HUF in respect of expenditure actually during the PY incurred for the medical treatment of specified disease or ailment as specified in the rules 11DD for himself or a d ependent relative or a member of a HUF[8] [edit]Refund Status State Bank of India (SBI) is the refund banker to the Indian Income Tax Department(ITD). Your tax refund details are sent to SBI, by the Income tax department. Then SBI will process the refund, and send you the refund intimation. While filing your return you can choose any one of the two Refund modes ECS or Paper(cheque). The refund status can be checked online at the NSDL site. [edit]Due Date of submission of return The due date of submission of return shall be ascertained according to section 139(1) of the Act as under:- September 30 of the Assessment Year(AY)-If the assessee is a company (not having any inter-nation transaction), or -If the assessee is any person other than a company whose books of accounts are required to be audited under any law, or -If the assessee is a working partner in a firm whose books of accounts are required to be audited under any law. November 30 of the AYIf the assessee is a company and it is required to furnish report under section 92E pertaining to international transactions. July 31 of the AYIn any other case. [edit]Advance Tax Under this scheme, every assessee is required to pay tax in a particular financial year, preceding the assessment year, on an estimated basis. However, if such estimated income is less than Rs. 10000, then no advance tax is payable. The due dates of payment of advance tax are:- In case of corporate assesseeOtherwise On or before 15 June of the previous yearUpto 15% of advance tax payable- On or before 15 September of the previous yearUpto 45% of advance tax payableUpto 30% of advance tax payable On or before 15 December of the previous yearUpto 75% of advance tax payableUpto 60% of advance tax payable On or before 15 March of the previous yearUpto 100% of advance tax payableUpto 100% of advance tax payable Any default in payment of advance tax attracts penalty under section 234B and any deferment of advance tax attracts penalty under section 234C. [edit]Tax deducted at Source (TDS) The general rule is that the total income of an assessee for the previous year is taxable in the relevant assessment year. however income-tax is recovered from the assessee in the previous year itself by way of TDS. The relevant provisions therein are listed below. (To be used for reference only. The detailed provisions therein are not listed below. 1) SectionNature of paymentThreshold limit (upto which no tax is deductible)TDS to be deducted 192Salary to any personExemption limitAs specified for individual in Part III of I Schedule 193 2Interest on securities to any residentSubject to detailed provisions of given section10% 194A 2Interest (other than interest on securities) to any residentRs. 10000 (for Bank/cooperative bank) Rs. 5000 otherwise10% 194BWinning from lotteries etc. to any personRs. 1000030% 194BBWinning from horse races to any personRs. 500030% 94C 2Payment to resident contractorsRs. 30000 (for single contract) Rs. 75000 (for aggregate consideration in a financial year)2% (for companies/firms) 1% otherwise 194DInsurance commission to residentRs. 2000010% 194EPayment to non-resident sportsmen or sports associationNot applicable10% 194EEPayment of deposit under National Savings S cheme to any personRs. 250020% 194GCommission on sale of lottery tickets to any personRs. 100010% 194H 2Commission/brokerage to a residentRs. 500010% 194-I 2Rents paid to any residentRs. 1800002% (for plant,machinery,equipment) 10% (for land,building,furniture) 194J 2Fees for professional/technical services; RoyaltyRs. 000010% 194LBInterest paid by Infrastructure Development Fund under section 10(47) to non-resident or foreign company-5% 195Interest or other sums (not being salary) paid to non-residents or foreign company except under section 115O-As per double taxation avoidance treaty ^1 At what time tax has to be deducted at source and some other specifications are subject to the above sections. ^2 In most cases, these payments shall not to deducted by an individual or an HUF if books of accounts are not required to be audited in the immediately preceding financial year. In most cases, the tax deducted should be deposited within 7 days from the end of the month in which tax was deducted. [edit]Corporate Income tax For companies, income is taxed at a flat rate of 30% for Indian companies, with a 5% surcharge applied on the tax paid by companies with gross turnover over ? 1 crore (10 million). Foreign companies pay 40%. [9] An education cess of 3% (on both the tax and the surcharge) are payable, yielding effective tax rates of 32. 5% for domestic companies and 41. 2% for foreign companies. [10] From 2005-06, electronic filing of company returns is mandatory. [11] [edit]Tax Returns There are five categories of Income Tax returns. Normal Return Belated Return Revised Return Defective Return Returns In Response To Notices [edit]Normal Return Returns filed within the return filing due date, that is 31 July or 30 September of concerned assessment year. [12] [edit]Belated Return In case of failure to file the return on or before the due date, belated return can be filed before the expiry of one year from the end of the relevant assessment year. [edit]Revised Return In case of any omission or any wrong statement mentioned in the normal return can be revised at any time before the expiry of one year from the end of the relevant assessment year. [edit]Defective Return Assessing Officer considers that the return is defective, he may intimate the defect. One has to rectify the defect within a period of fifteen days from the date of such intimation. If the assessee wants more time, he can file an application to the A O and a further 15 days can be granted at the instance of the A O. [edit]Returns In Response To Notices Assessing officer in the process of making assessment, may serve a notice under various sections like 142(1), 148(1), 153A(a) or 153C. Returns are required to be furnished within the date specified on the respective notices. [edit]Annual Information Return and Statements [edit]Annual Information Return Those who is responsible for registering, or, maintaining books of account or other documents containing a record of any specified financial transaction,[13] shall furnish an annual information return in Form No. 61A. [edit]Statements By Producers Producers of a cinematographic film during the financial year shall, prepare and deliver to the Assessing Officer a statement in the Form No. 2A, within 30 days from the end of such financial year or within 30 days from the date of the completion of the production of the film, whichever is earlier. [edit]Statements By Non-Resident Having A Liaison Office In India With effect from 01,June 2011, Non-Resident having a liaison office in India sha ll prepare and deliver a statement in Form No. 49C to the Assessing Officer within sixty days from the end of such financial year. [edit]Tax Penalties The major number of penalties initiated every year as a ritual by I-T Authorities is under section 271(1)(c)[14] which is for either concealment of income or for furnishing inaccurate particulars of income. If the Assessing Officer or the Commissioner (Appeals) or the Commissioner in the course of any proceedings under this Act, is satisfied that any person- (b) has failed to comply with a notice under sub-section (1) of section 142 or sub-section (2) of section 143 or fails to comply with a direction issued under sub-section (2A) of section 142, or (c) has concealed the particulars of his income or furnished inaccurate particulars of such income, he may direct that such person shall pay by way of penalty,- (ii) in the cases referred to in clause (b), in addition to any tax payable by him, a sum of ten thousand rupees for each such fa ilure; (iii) in the cases referred to in clause (c), in addition to any tax payable by him, a sum which shall not be less than, but which shall not exceed three times, the amount of tax sought to be evaded by reason of the concealment of particulars of his income or the furnishing of inaccurate particulars of such income. How to cite Income Tax, Papers

Movie Overview Ang Lees Life of Pi Essay Example For Students

Movie Overview Ang Lees Life of Pi Essay The movie The Life of Pi ? directed by Ang Lee explores the nature of life itself, amongst the humans and the animals existing on this planet through love, morals, beliefs, values and particularly life lessons. We grasp the idea that life is balanced with the people and the animal, how they need each other, in order to survive just like our food chain. Even though they are morally distinct upon several factors of life such as survival and habitual instincts, how there are different dimensions of philosophies between the two types of creatures, it still prevails to be a balance within nature. How we configure this balance is what the movie explores and lets the ideas unravel itself amongst the audience. We started off with an interview conducted by Yann Martel who is a Canadian novelist. He was interested upon the life of Pi, who is an Indian man named Piscine Molitor, referred in the movie as Pi. ? Martel wanted to uncover the mysteries of the nature between good and evil, and how is it distinct from human and animal. Therefore we begin his life story reflected to the audience what exactly is the idea behind Good and Evil ? between two different types of beings. Is it formed through habitual factors, or is it originated from aspects of life and circumstance? The ideas that the movie prevails are religion perspectives, how they are combined as one through Pis eyes, and how they looked upon from societys expectations of religion. Secondly, we explore the relationship between Pi and the Bengal Tiger Richard Parker. How did the relationship grow through struggles of survival, did it test their standards of morals, beliefs? How was Pis religion and beliefs tested? What is the value of a friend; it is tested through the relationship between Pi and Parker. Pi separated himself from his families and societys selective views and commitments of various religions. Pi realized that perception is that a knowledge rather than an oppressions of ones views thinking of life. He believed that there many ways of loving god through many different types of religions, thus he wanted to respect and understand Islam, Christianity and Hindu, giving him that combination of commitment, and self morals towards God and himself. Many are trained and engraved into believing one religion to guide them morally throughout society and life. In the movie Pis father wished of him to study and practice Hindu with the rest of the family. Society itself are ingrained and programmed to believe in one type of religion and what your parents teach you, we have been imprinted of our family values such as the religion selected, thus we automatically accept the religion that we are born into. Pi, on the other hand was different; he believed that, None of us knows God until someone introduces us. I was first introduced to God as a Hindu. There are 33 million Gods in the Hindu religion. How can I not come to know a few of them? Though, some people change religion through life experiences of trial and error, but they dont accept all religions at once to show a sign of their love for god, because they have a particular mindset or perception upon the image of god, due to the religion that they are committed into since they were born or expected by the society. Pi believes through all the monotheisms and polytheism religions that exist in the modern society, are only taught one way of loving many gods or just one god, not accepting and integrating many religion into your life such as what Pi did. .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 , .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 .postImageUrl , .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 , .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6:hover , .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6:visited , .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6:active { border:0!important; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6:active , .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6 .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubab359abf54ce3bd954c89b2ec7db2e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The film progresses EssayAs Martel gathered information of Pi during lunch they had a conversation, which reflects our theory, Amen. Yeah, lets eat. I didnt know Hindus said Amen. Catholic Hindus do. ? Many religious people are either bias or dont care about learning different religions or are not open-minded. Societys expectation of religion is very narrow-minded as we are programmed to believe that one religion is the only perception of god and believing or loving god. Pis views reflected on Christ at first didnt make sense why god sent his son to die on the cross. But he was able to grab the concept of Christianity from father martins principles of how the belief towards Christianity is born, because you have good faith, you are automatically in a sense believing of Jesus Christs faith, which is overall Christianity. Form then on, Pi started to practice Christianity and integrated into his life as Hindu and as a believer of Islam. If you try to integrate and believe in many different religions, in a sense you dont miss out on any aspect of god, whether it be love, commitment or support and practicing gods will. Pi attempted to be acquainted and connect with the tiger by feeding the tiger red meat. A distinction was brought up as Pis dad addressed towards Pi and the whole family, that animals dont have souls and what you see in their eyes is a projection of your own thoughts and emotions. That they are not your friends, as their main purpose is what to eat. Pi tried to integrate the feelings and perception of animals with his, he felt for the tiger, but his father quickly distinguished that animals will be animals and humans will be humans, that there is no sort of connection between the two groups. As if two different mind sets, tigers will always strategize to eat the pray whereas a human thinks in a deeper level with philosophies, facts, opinions, experiences, emotions and all other aspects of life. Their projection of life is different to the animals projection of life, and Pi didnt clearly distinguish this fact, he thought it was a theory rather than a fact, that it can be falsifiable as we are all beings of god. An example would be when Pi and Parker are stranded on the boat, and Parker on a daily basis eats five kilograms of meat every day has been reduced too none or to Pis mass. Pi stated, Hunger can change everything you thought and knew about yourself ? is the first inception of survival between the two beings stranded on the boat. But then as time gradually went by, and their habitat changed from captivation in the zoo to being stranded in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, they had to learn how to live with each other, even though there is a clear distinction between Parker who is a hungry tiger living off five kilograms of meat per day compared to Pi who is a human vegetarian. Pi had a choice to kill the tiger but made a choice that in turn saved both of their lives. Every aspect of the situation changed, he tamed the tiger, which then the tiger adapted to life on the boat rather then living the zoo life on the boat. Parker adapted his perception to fit both of Pi and himself. When in the boat Pi, tried to include Parker in his unique religion views Were dying, Richard Parker. Im sorry. Can you feel the rain, God, thank you for giving me my life, Im ready now ? signifies how Pi submits to the universe on the second storm with Parker, as he thought it was gods will to let go or trust in him, as life wasnt the place that it once used to be for Pi. .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b , .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b .postImageUrl , .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b , .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b:hover , .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b:visited , .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b:active { border:0!important; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b:active , .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua8ee740b98edb0cb475a55708e93a62b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analyse three film trailers EssayHe endured all things magical and beautiful with Parker, he experienced through nature, through his, and Parkers perspective with the circumstances such as losing his family, being stranded on a boat, the will to survive was driven through gods will, the beauty of life and love that he learnt through the integration of religion beliefs. Because Pi had to share his environment with only Parker, a wild captive animal that was consistently fed meat during period of time. He had to learn and adapt through Parkers perspective and feel what the tiger was feeling in order for his hope to stay strong. We as humans thats how we survive, we are able to think what other beings were perceiving, feel their perspective and what they are feeling, such that we can make conclusions and decisions of their actions. Pi used this natural human instinct to his advantage of surviving, even though he has lost everything true to his life, which gave meaning and purpose. But he didnt lose everything as he had god and his beauty upon earth through nature and the hope to keep living no matter what the circumstance. In conclusion the movie portrays various different life lessons and experiences that captivate the reader and relates and questions their own values beliefs on life itself. What it means to them and what is their purpose of living life. What makes this film intriguing is that we are able to grasp what society projects on religion the laws of nature such as perceiving an animal that has a soul, and the difference between being a close minded being compared to being an open minded being. Through Pis eyes we see the fine line between integrating different religions together in order to fully love god and his will, than solely perceiving that gods love and will is related to only one type of religion. Also we explore how the environment can influence two opposite beings attitudes towards each other and upon life values and beliefs whether it be spiritual or mental. We see this through the relationship between Pi and the Richard Parker stranded on the boat in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.